Biodiversity, intended as the variety of forms of life and environmental contexts, reconnects the idea of living heritage and the heritage preserved by museums, which has been described and exposed according the criteria developed by history of science over the centuries. Natural history museums, with their collections ranging from geology, mineralogy and paleontology up to botany and zoology, provide a unitary idea of the natural world, constituting an essential archive of geo-/biodiversity data, both in the past and in the present. University Museums allow to recreate an image of the past configuration of the ecosystems, thus helping to recognize the recent transformations. Along this perspective it is possible to re-define the museum heritage, not conceived anymore as a collection of specimens connected among them by an autonomous system of meaning, but figured as a chance to establish a living relationship with the present reality and with that heritage which is the biological diversity.
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